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The Japanese Missions to Imperial China were diplomatic embassies which were intermittently sent to the Chinese court. Any distinction amongst diplomatic envoys sent from the Imperial Japanese court or from any of the Japanese shogunates was lost or rendered moot when the ambassador was received in the Chinese capital. Extant records document missions to China between the year of 607 and 894. The composition of these Imperial missions included members of the aristocratic ''kuge'' and Buddhist priests. These missions led to the importation of Chinese culture including advances in sciences and technologies. These diplomatic encounters produced the beginnings of a range of Schools of Buddhism in Japan, including Zen. From the sinocentric perspective of the Chinese Court in Chang'an, the several embassies sent from Kyoto were construed as tributaries of Imperial China; but it is not clear that the Japanese shared this view.〔Yoda, Yoshiie ''et al.'' (1996). (''The Foundations of Japan's Modernization: a comparison with China's Path towards Modernization,'' pp. 40-41. )〕 China seems to have taken the initiative in opening relations with Japan. Sui Emperor, Yangdi (''kensui taishi'') dispatched a message in 605 that said: The sovereign of Sui respectfully inquires about the sovereign of Wa.〔Varley, Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 128.〕 Prince Shōtoku responded by sponsoring a mission led by Ono no Imoko in 607. The Prince's own message contains the earliest written instance in which the Japanese archipelago is named "Nihon," literally, sun-origin.〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). (''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 40. )〕 The salutation said: From the sovereign of the land of the rising sun (''nihon/hi izuru'') to the sovereign of the land of the setting sun."〔Varley, Paul. (1973). ''Japanese Culture: A Short History''. p. 15.〕 These included Japanese oversea students for Buddhism studies. The are the best known (total 13 times); they ended in 894. At this time, ambassadors had been appointed; and they were about to depart for China. However, the mission was stopped by Emperor Uda in 894 (''Kanpyō 6, 8th month'') because of reports of unsettled conditions in China.〔Titsingh, ( pp. 127-128. )〕 The emperor's decision-making was informed by what he understood as persuasive counsel from Sugawara Michizane.〔Kitagawa, Hiroshi. (1975). ''The Tale of the Heike,'' p. 222.〕 ==Envoys to the Sui court== (詳細はOno no Imoko, had the title ''kenzushi''.〔Nussbaum, "Kentōshi" at 〕 The delegation was received in the Imperial Court.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Ono no Imoko''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File ).〕 *608: Ono no Imoko leads a returning embassy to China.〔 This mission included two others with the title ''kenzushi'': Takamuko no Kuromaro (no Genri)〔Nussbaum, "Takamuko no Kuromaro (No Genri)" at 〕 and Minabuchi no Shōan.〔Nussbaum, "Minabuchi no Shōan" at 〕 Kuromaro and Shōan, along with the Buddhist monk Sōmin 〔Nussbaum, "Sōmin" at 〕 remained in China for 32 years before returning to Japan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese missions to Imperial China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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